Improved combination of electro and permanent magnets to render telegraphing



E. F. BARNES. Telegaphc-Relay Instrument.

Patented July 20,. 1858u No. 20,930f

N. PETERS Phew-Lithography, wnshmgwn, n. C.

eUNITED STATES PATENT Ormea@ E. F. BARNES, OF BROOKLYN, NEYV YORK.

IMPROVED COMBINATION OF ELECTRO AND PERMANENT MAGNETS T0 RENDERTELEGRAPHING- MAGNETS EASY OF ADJUSTMENT.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 20,930, dated July 20,1858.

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that T, EDMUND F. BARNES, of Brooklyn, county of Kings, andState of New York, have invented and applied to use certain new anduseful improvements in apparatusfor use in connection with telegraphiclines and machinery for more completely counteracting the eiiect ofunusual quantities of atmospheric electricity in the working oftelegraphic instruments, which apparatus I term a Mutatorg and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings,and to the letters of reference marked thereon, and making a part ot'this specification.

Figure l is a perspective view of the mutator, the several parts-beingin their proper position with respect to each other. Fig. 2 is adetached view of the armature of the electro-magnet.

The nature ot' my invention consists in so arranging and combining anelectro and permanent magnet that the effect of such combination shallrender it much less difticult to adjust the magnets of telegraphicinstruments consequent upon the iniiuence of atmospheric electricity orother disturbing causes.

The mutator consists of an electro-magnet, A, and a permanent magnet, B,which may be simply a fiat magnet, as represented in the drawings, orwhich may be U-shaped or of any form preferred, and which acts as anarmature to the electro-magnet. Such permament magnet or armature B issuspended by points of screws l l, or otherwise supported, so that itwill have easy motion backward and forward. This armature is caused tomove in one direction by the magnetic force produced by charging theelectro-magnet A-that is, when the direction of the electric currentabout the coils of the electro-magnet A is such as to produce polarityin such electro-magnet opposite to the polarityiof the permanent magnetB, and is caused to move in the reverse direction by the force of thespring G, which causes such armature to recede from the electro-magnetwhen the electric current is sent in such a direction as to producelik'e polarity in such electromagnets. The tension of such spring may beincreased or diminished by turning the adjusting-screw 3d Attached tothe armature B is a bar, D, the end of which is between the twoadjustingscrews 2 2 to regulate the movement of such armature. Thepoints of one or the other of these screwsmccordingto thedirectioninwhich the electric current is sent around the coils of theelectro-magnet) is armed with platinum or other conducting substance,while the point of the other is armed with ivory or other nonconductingsubstance, so that the resident circuit of conductors may be alternatelyclosed or broken for purposes connected with any telegraphic machinewith which the mut-ator may be used.

The permanent magnet or armature B is made of hardened steel, havingfixed in it at each end, or directly over the ends ofthe cores c c ofthe electro-magnet, a series or number of soft-iron plugs, d d, passingthrough such armature, and all located within a. space not larger thanthe cores of the electro-magnet. Such soft-iron parts will, ofcourse,beinductively magnetized by the permanent magnet; but as soft iron ismore susceptible to the magnetic current than hardened steel, and assuch soft iron parts of the armature are direct-ly over the cores of theelectro-magnet; they will be more quickly influenced or affected by anymagnetic influence or current of the electro-magnet, and will thusrender the action of the steel armature upon the electro-magnet moreforcible than otherwise it would be, and therefore more certain with thefeeble magnetic current induced in the main circuit of a telegraphicline than could be attained by the use either of a soft-iron armature ora permanent-magnet armature wholly of hardened steel. Hence by thecombination and use of the pen manent-magnet armature B with theelectromagnet A the disturbing effects of any atmospheric electricity orelectrical discharge are almost wholly prevented, because, while themagnetic equilibrium of the soft-iron cores of the electro-magnet may beeasily affected by the passage of such atmospheric electricity, themagnetic equilibrium of the permanent magnet or armature B will not bechanged, because of the difficulty of disturbing the magneticequilibriun in hardened steel. The effect of such combination of theelectro and permanent magnets is therefore to materially lessen thenecessity of adj nstment, which would otherwise be required by reason ofthe influence ot' atmospheric electricity or other disturbing causes.

The permanentmagnet armature B may also be made wholly of hardenedlsteel without the soft-iron plugs above mentioned, and when soconstructed its effect will be highly satisfactory, but its action willnot be as certain as when furnished with such soft-iron plugs.

The particular arrangement of the permanent and electro magnets inrespect to each other, as above described and as represented in thedrawings, need not, however, be adopted, but any arrangement of the twoto produce the same effects may be made use of-as, for instance, thepermanent magnet may be stationary and the electro-magnet may vibrate,l

or ,the permanent and electro magnet coils may both be stationary andthe cores of the electro-magnet may vibrate, or other changes ot` formmay be adopted. To the Vibrating part, however, whichever it may be, isto be attached the bar D, placed substantially as described, to regulatethe movements of such vibrating part.

The two ends of the wire composing the coils of the electro-magnet areattached to the two binding-screws b b', to the latter of which is alsoattached the wire of the main line, and from the other extends a wire tothe circuitbreaker or key of the registering-lnstrument,

y of the resident magnet.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Leters Patent, is

1. The combination and use, in a telegraphic line or in connection withtelegraphic instruments, of the permanent magnet with theelectro-magnet, arranged and connected substantially as and upon theprinciples above set forth, to prevent the disturbing effects ofatmospheric electricity, &c., as described.

2. Constructing the permanent magnet B, wheuused substantially asdescribed, as an armature of the electro-magnet, with soft iron insertedtherein, substantially as set forth, to

render its action more forcible in connection with the electro-magnet.

EDMUN D F. BARNES.

Witnesses:

S. D. LAW, ALFRED MCINTIRE.

